Zero and low energy homes in New Zealand: The value of non-energy benefits and their use in attracting homeowners

Albrecht Stoecklein, BRANZ, New Zealand
Lisa Skumatz, Skumatz Economic Research Associates (SERA), USA

Keywords

low energy lifestyles, NEBs, non-energy benefits, evaluation, program effectiveness, barriers, decision-making, benefit cost

Abstract

This paper details an analysis of the indirect, hard-to-measure “Non-Energy Benefits” (NEBs) associated with a residential energy efficiency initiative in New Zealand called Zero and Low Energy Homes (ZALEH), a program that integrated double-glazing, super insulation, solar water heat, and solar design features into new homes. The paper reviews an array of measurement methods and uses one of the methods to estimate program-attributable NEBs. Using survey-based data, we found that the program delivered positive and negative impacts beyond energy savings. In particular, we found barriers for the solar water heat and solar design measures included appearance and maintenance concerns. If these concerns are overstated, they may need to be addressed in program literature or discussed with vendors in order to equip them to allay consumer fears. If the concerns are based on actual performance, the barriers may need to be addressed through adjustments in incentives or warranty enhancements or similar strategies. Positive benefits that may appeal for marketing purposes included: reduced noise, improved comfort, better control over bills, health benefits, and environmental benefits, with variations depending on the measure(s) installed. Both positive and negative impacts were investigated to identify the net value that the occupant placed on the outcomes. The results suggest that most residents place considerable value on the lifestyle benefits from energy-efficiency features of their homes, beyond benefits from energy savings. The paper presents these quantitative results, which are being used in program targeting, marketing of ZALEH homes, and other purposes.