Abstract

By a referendum Sweden has decided to close,all its nuclear power stations already in 2010. At present half the Swedish electricity production and 1/6 of Sweden? total energy use come out of nuclear power. Very little has -hitherto been done in~order to replace nuclear power. This article discusses ancl shows, which the obstacles are and how it is possible to replace half of the electricity by Combined Heat and Power Production (CHP). Other solutions in order to get a better sustainability and to reduce energy use are also discussed. Sweden? energy policy development is compared especially with that of Germany, Austria and Denmark.

This paper is based on a historical-humanistic and social scientific perspective. This means that it concentrates on socio-cultural and organisational aspects and to same degree economical, too. Technological elements are not considered that much, since the energy technology for CHP has been well-known for a long time.

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Panels of

Panel 1: Policy and Programmes - Who can deliver DSM?

Panel 2: Programme Evaluation

Panel 4: Human Dimensions

Panel 3: Market Transformation: Innovation, Development and Dissemination

Panel 6: Transportation, Urban Planning and Land Use

Panel 5: Energy Policy for a Sustainable Environment