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Rising electricity consumption: Driving forces and consequences. The case of rural Zanzibar
Panel: Panel 9: Dynamics of consumption
Author:
Tanja Winther, Centre for Development and the Environment (SUM), University of Oslo, Norway
Abstract
The paper addresses the current, rising electricity consumption in the southern, rural locality of Zanzibar and seeks to account for the range of driving forces behind people’s changed practices. The author argues that these forces are, on the one hand, determined by the availability of new technologies and through global and national institutions and influences such as Islam, commercials and changes in the governmental sector (health, education). On the other hand, the paper explores the way such influences interplay with the internal dynamics related to increasing consumption. Through an analysis of the particular character and dynamics of social and cultural life in this region, the author explains why some practices are less likely to change than other practices. For example, people in Zanzibar keep electricity (freezers and stoves) at a distance from their food. By contrast, electric light is perceived as intimately related to education, as illustrated when school children are sent to school for night classes before important exams.
To which extent may general approaches to the study of energy consumption draw on this empirical case from Zanzibar? In other contexts, the patterns of people’s electricity use certainly differ. In terms of sustainable energy policies, each locality has a particular set of challenges and goals, which to varying degree may be related to poverty reduction and concern for the environment. Methodologically, however, the author argues that the phenomenon of energy consumption may be studied and understood within the same framework of analysis; one that pays attention to both external and internal dynamics, the material and social aspects of technologies and the importance of power relations, gender and negotiations.
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Panels of
Panel 2: Strategies and general policies
Panel 1: The foundations of a future energy policy. Longer term strategies
Panel 4: Monitoring and evaluation
Panel 3: Local and regional activities
Panel 5: Energy efficient buildings
Panel 6: Products and appliances
Panel 7: Making industries more energy efficient